Saudi Arabia holds immense significance for Muslims worldwide as the birthplace of Islam and home to the two holiest cities, Mecca and Medina. Every year, millions of Muslims journey to Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam, which is a mandatory pilgrimage for those who are physically and financially able. Hajj takes place during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah and involves a series of rituals performed in and around Mecca, including the Kaaba’s Tawaf, standing at Arafat, and the symbolic stoning of the devil. The Saudi government plays a crucial role in facilitating this massive pilgrimage, ensuring the safety and well-being of pilgrims.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government.[15] Egypt’s long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national